Concept 4 – Proportional Relationships

Intro Activity

Fractions Scavenger Hunt

Week 14 – Proportional Relationships

4-21. COLLEGE FUND Five years ago, Gustavo’s grandmother put some money in a college savings account for him on his birthday.  The account pays simple interest, and now, after five years, the account is worth $500.  Gustavo predicts that if he does not deposit or withdraw any money, then the account balance will be $1000 five years from now.
  1. How do you think Gustavo made his prediction
  2. Do you agree with Gustavo’s reasoning?  Explain why or why not.
4-22. Last week, Gustavo got his bank statement in the mail.  He was surprised to see a graph that showed that, although his balance was growing at a steady rate, the bank predicted that in five years his account balance would be only $600.  “What is going on?” he wondered.  “Why isn’t my money growing the way I thought it would?”   With your team, discuss how much Gustavo’s account appears to be growing every year.  Why might his account be growing in a different way than he expected?  Be ready to share your ideas.
4-23. Gustavo decided to look more carefully at his balances for the last few years to see if the bank’s prediction might be a mistake.  He put together the table below.
  1. How has Gustavo’s bank balance been growing?
  2. Does Gustavo’s money seem to be doubling as the number of years doubles?  Explain your reasoning.
  3. Is the bank’s prediction a mistake?  Explain your answer.
4-24. Once Gustavo saw the balances written in a table, he decided to take a closer look at the graph from the bank to see if he could figure out where he made the mistake in his prediction.  pic
  • There is additional information about Gustavo’s account that you can tell from the graph.  For example, what was his starting balance?  How much does it grow in 5 years?
  • Gustavo had assumed his money would double after 10 years.  What would the graph look like if that were true?  Using a different color, add a line to the graph that represents what Gustavo was thinking.
  • Is it possible that Gustavo’s account could have had $0 in it in Year 0?  Why or why not?
4-26. What makes Sonja’s birdseed situation (problem 4-25) different from Gustavo’s college fund situation (problem 4-21)?  Why does doubling work for one situation but not in the other?  Consider this as you examine the graphs below. pic With your team: a. Describe how each graph is the same. b. Describe what makes each graph different. c. How do the differences explain why doubling works in one situation and not in the other?  Generalize why doubling works in one situation and not in another. d. The pattern of growth in Sonja’s example of buying birdseed is an example of a proportional relationship.  In a proportional relationship, if one quantity is multiplied by a scale factor, the other is scaled by the same amount.  Gustavo’s bank account is not proportional, because it grows differently; when the number of years doubled, his balance did not. Work with your team to list other characteristics of proportional relationships, based on Sonja’s and Gustavo’s examples.  Be as specific as possible.
Suzette and Margo want to prepare crepes for all of the students in their French class. A recipe makes 20 crepes with a certain amount of flour, milk, and 2 eggs. The girls know that they already have plenty of flour and milk but need to determine the number of eggs needed to make 50 crepes because they are not sure they have enough eggs for the recipe.
  1. What is the relationship between eggs and crepes?
  2. How many crepes can you make with only one egg?
  3. How many eggs will be needed for 50 crepes?
  4. How many crepes can you make with a dozen eggs?
Make a table to represent this relationship:
Eggs
Crepes
The crepes were such a hit in class that Suzette and Margo want to sell crepes on multicultural night as a fundraiser for their French class. They are expecting to make 100 to 180 crepes. How many eggs should they buy to make sure they have enough?   Crepes for French Class

Week 15 – Unit Rate

  Partial Product
4-27. IS IT PROPORTIONAL? Your Task: 
  • Work with your team to read each new situation below.  
  • Find the unit rate for each situation.
  • Decide whether you think the relationship described is proportional or non-proportional and justify your reasoning.  
 
  1. Carlos wants to buy some new video games.  Each game he buys costs him $36.  Is the relationship between the number of games Carlos buys and the total price proportional?
  2. A single ticket to a concert costs $56, while buying five tickets costs $250.  Is the relationship between the number of tickets bought and the total price proportional?
  3. Vo is four years older than his sister.  Is the relationship between Vu and his sister’s age proportional?
  4. Janna runs at a steady pace of 7 minutes per mile.  Is the relationship between the number of miles she ran and the distance she covered proportional?
  5. Carl just bought a music player and plans to load 50 songs each week.  Is the relationship between the number of weeks after Carl bought the music player and the number of songs on his player proportional?
  6. Anna has a new video game.  It takes her five hours of playing the game to master level one.  After so much time, Anna understands the game better and it only takes her three hours of playing the game to master level two.  Is the number of hours played and the game level proportional?
  Is it Proportional - Unit Rate - WB
4-47. THE YOGURT SHOP Jell E. Bean owns the local frozen yogurt shop.  At her store, customers serve themselves a bowl of frozen yogurt and top it with chocolate chips, frozen raspberries, and any of the different treats available.  Customers must then weigh their creations and are charged by the weight of their bowls. Jell E. Bean charges $32 for five pounds of dessert, but not many people buy that much frozen yogurt.  She needs you to help her figure out how much to charge her customers.  She has customers that are young children who buy only a small amount of yogurt as well as large groups that come in and pay for everyone’s yogurt together.
  1. Is it reasonable to assume that the weight of the yogurt is proportional to its cost?  How can you tell?
  2. Assuming it is proportional, make a table that lists the price for at least ten different weights of yogurt.  Be sure to include at least three weights that are not whole numbers.
  3. What is the unit rate of the yogurt?  (Stores often call this the unit price.)  Use the unit rate to write an equation that Jell E. Bean can use to calculate the amount any customer will pay.
  4. If Jell E. Bean decided to start charging $0.50 for each cup before her customers started filling it with yogurt and toppings, could you use the same equation to find the new prices?  Why or why not?
Kaci Cheese Task (4-35)

Week 16 – Proportions

A runner ran 20 miles in 150 minutes. If she runs at that speed:
  1. How long would it take her to run 6 miles? 
  2. How far could she run in 15 minutes? 
  3. How fast is she running in miles per hour? 
  4. What is her pace in minutes per mile?
  Proportions - Jogger WB Assignment: Introduction to Solving Proportion
  Assignment:Proportions Worksheet
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  1. For which team is distance proportional to time? Explain your reasoning.
  1. Explain how you know the distance for the other team is not proportional to time.
  1. If the race were 2.5 miles long, which team would win? Explain.
  1. If the race were 3.5 miles long, which team would win? Explain.
  1. If the race were 4.5 miles long, which team would win? Explain.
  1. For what length of race would it be better to be on Team B than Team A? Explain.
  1. Using this relationship, if the members on the team ran for 10 hours, how far would each member run on each team?
  1. Will there always be a winning team, no matter what the length of the course? Why or Why not?
  1. If the race were 12 miles long, which team should you choose to be on if you wish to win? Why would you choose this team?
  1. How much sooner would you finish on that team compared to the other team?
Handout: Team Race Assignment: Proportions-Algebraically 6
Jackson and his grandfather constructed a model birdhouse. Many of their neighbors offered to buy the birdhouses. Jackson decided that building the birdhouses could help him earn money for an Apple Watch, but he is not sure how long it will take him to fill all of the requests for birdhouses. He knows he can build 7 birdhouses in 5 hours.
  1. Create a table that shows the time required to build several different quantities of bird houses.
  2. How many birdhouses can Jackson build in 40 hours?
  3. Write an equation that can be used to find the time required to build any number of birdhouses.
  4. How long will it take him to build 35 birdhouses?
John and Amber work at an ice cream shop. The hours worked and wages earned are given for each person.
  1. Determine whether John’s wages are proportional to time. If they are, find the unit rate. If not, Explain why not.
  2. Determine whether Amber’s wages are proportional to time. If they are, find the unit rate. If not, Explain why not.
  3. Write an equation to model each person’s wage in relation to hours worked. 
  4. How much would each of them make after working 10 hours?
  5. How long would it take each worker to make $50?
Handout: Bird Houses and Wages

Additional Resources:

Proportions-Algebraically 8(Mixed)

Proportions-Algebraically 7(Mixed)

Proportions-Algebraically 6(Mixed)

Proportions-Algebraically 5 (Mixed)

Proportions-Algebraically 4

Proportions-Algebraically 3

 

 

4-26. What makes Sonja’s birdseed situation (problem 4-25) different from Gustavo’s college fund situation (problem 4-21)?  Why does doubling work for one situation but not in the other?  Consider this as you examine the graphs below.

pic

With your team:

a. Describe how each graph is the same.

b. Describe what makes each graph different.

c. How do the differences explain why doubling works in one situation and not in the other?  Generalize why doubling works in one situation and not in another.

d. The pattern of growth in Sonja’s example of buying birdseed is an example of a proportional relationship.  In a proportional relationship, if one quantity is multiplied by a scale factor, the other is scaled by the same amount.  Gustavo’s bank account is not proportional, because it grows differently; when the number of years doubled, his balance did not. Work with your team to list other characteristics of proportional relationships, based on Sonja’s and Gustavo’s examples.  Be as specific as possible.

4-27. IS IT PROPORTIONAL?

When you are making a prediction, it is important to be able to recognize whether a relationship is proportional or not.

Your Task: Work with your team to read each new situation below.  Decide whether you think the relationship described is proportional or non-proportional and justify your reasoning.  Be prepared to share your decisions and justifications with the class.

  1. Carlos wants to buy some new video games.  Each game he buys costs him $36.  Is the relationship between the number of games Carlos buys and the total price proportional?
  2. A single ticket to a concert costs $56, while buying five tickets costs $250.  Is the relationship between the number of tickets bought and the total price proportional?
  3. Vu is four years older than his sister.  Is the relationship between Vu and his sister’s age proportional?
  4. Janna runs at a steady pace of 7 minutes per mile.  Is the relationship between the number of miles she ran and the distance she covered proportional?
  5. Carl just bought a music player and plans to load 50 songs each week.  Is the relationship between the number of weeks after Carl bought the music player and the number of songs on his player proportional?
  6. Anna has a new video game.  It takes her five hours of playing the game to master level one.  After so much time, Anna understands the game better and it only takes her three hours of playing the game to master level two.  Is the number of hours played and the game level proportional?

Assignment: 4.2.1 Homework

In Lesson 4.2.1, you learned that you could identify proportional relationships by looking for a constant multiplier.  In fact, you have already seen a relationship with a constant multiplier in this course.  Today you will revisit the earlier situation that contains a proportional relationship.

Kaci Cheese Task (4-35)

Assignment: 4.2.2 Homework

Proportional relationships can be identified in both tables and graphs.  Today you will have an opportunity to take a closer look at how graphs and tables for proportional relationships can help you organize your work to find any missing value quickly and easily.

4-46. Robert’s new hybrid car has a gas tank that holds 12 gallons of gas.  When the tank is full, he can drive 420 miles.  Assume that his car uses gas at a steady rate.

  1. Is the relationship between the number of gallons of gas used and the number of miles that can be driven proportional?  For example, does it change like Sonja’s birdseed prediction, or is it more like Gustavo’s college savings?  Explain how you know.
  2. Show how much gas Robert’s car will use at various distances by copying and completing the table below.
  3. 3_3_3_15_mileageRobert decided to graph the situation, as shown below.  The distance Robert can travel using one gallon of gas is called the unit rate.  Use Robert’s graph to predict how far he can drive using one gallon of gas.  That is, find his unit rate.
  4. While a graph is a useful tool for estimating, it is often difficult to find an exact answer on a graph.  What is significant about the point labeled (1, y)?  How can you calculate y?
  5. Use the table in part (b) and your result in part (d) to find Robert’s unit rate.
  6. Work with your team to write the equation to find the exact number of miles Robert can drive with any number of gallons of gas.  Be prepared to share your strategy.
  7. Use your equation to find out how many gallons of gas Robert will need to drive 287 miles.  .

4-47. THE YOGURT SHOP

Jell E. Bean owns the local frozen yogurt shop.  At her store, customers serve themselves a bowl of frozen yogurt and top it with chocolate chips, frozen raspberries, and any of the different treats available.  Customers must then weigh their creations and are charged by the weight of their bowls.

Jell E. Bean charges $32 for five pounds of dessert, but not many people buy that much frozen yogurt.  She needs you to help her figure out how much to charge her customers.  She has customers that are young children who buy only a small amount of yogurt as well as large groups that come in and pay for everyone’s yogurt together.

  1. Is it reasonable to assume that the weight of the yogurt is proportional to its cost?  How can you tell?
  2. Assuming it is proportional, make a table that lists the price for at least ten different weights of yogurt.  Be sure to include at least three weights that are not whole numbers.
  3. What is the unit rate of the yogurt?  (Stores often call this the unit price.)  Use the unit rate to write an equation that Jell E. Bean can use to calculate the amount any customer will pay.
  4. If Jell E. Bean decided to start charging $0.50 for each cup before her customers started filling it with yogurt and toppings, could you use the same equation to find the new prices?  Why or why not?

4-48. Lexie claims that she can send 14 text messages in 22 minutes.  Her teammates Kenny and Esther are trying to predict how many text messages Lexie can send in a 55‑minute lunch period if she keeps going at the same rate.

  1. Is the relationship between the number of text messages and time in minutes proportional?  Why or why not?
  2. Kenny represented the situation using the table shown below.  Explain Kenny’s strategy for using the table.
  3. Esther wants to solve the problem using an equation.  Help her write an equation to determine how many text messages Lexie could send in any number of minutes.
  4. Find the missing value in Kenny’s table.
  5. Solve Esther’s equation.  Will she get the same answer as Kenny?
  6. What is Lexie’s unit rate?  That is, how many text messages can she send in 1 minute?

4-49. Additional Challenge: Use your reasoning skills to compute each unit rate (the price per pound).

  1. $4.20 for   pound of cheese
  2. $1.50 for   pound of bananas
  3. $6.00 for   pound of deli roast beef
  4. $7.50 for   pound of sliced turkey

Assignment: 4.2.3 Homework

picIn the previous lessons, you studied different ways to represent proportional relationships.  You organized information into tables and graphs.  You also wrote equations modeling the proportional relationships.  Proportional relationship equations are of the form  y = kx, where  k  is the constant of proportionality.  Today you will find connections between different representations of the same proportional relationship, explore each representation more deeply, and learn shorter ways to go from one representation to another.  As you work today, keep these questions in mind:

How can you see growth in the rule?

How do you know your rule is correct?
What does the representation tell you?
What are the connections between the representations?

4-55. Graeme earns $4.23 for each half hour that he works.  How much money does he earn during a given amount of time?

  1. Represent this situation using a table
  2. What is the constant of proportionality (or the unit rate)?  How can you find it from a table?
  3. How can you use a table to determine if a relationship is proportional?

4-56. Jamie ran 9.3 miles in 1.5 hours.  How far can she run in a given amount of time, if she runs at a constant rate?

  1. Represent this situation with a graph.
  2. What is the constant of proportionality?  How can you find it on a graph?
  3. How can you use a graph to determine if a relationship is proportional?

4-57. A recipe calls for 2pic cups of of flour to make two regular batches of cookies.  Shiloh needs to make multiple batches of cookies.

  1. Represent this situation with an equation.
  2. What is the constant of proportionality?  How can you identify it in an equation?
  3. How can you use an equation to determine if a relationship is proportional?

Assignment: 4.2.4 Homework

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  1. Work with a partner to answer Alex’s question.

 

  1. Are Alex’s total earnings proportional to the number of weeks he worked?  How do you know?

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  • Why is it important for you to know that miles are proportional to the gallons used?

 

  • Describe the approach you used to complete the table.

 

  • What is the value of the constant? Explain how the constant was determined.

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  1. For which team is distance proportional to time? Explain your reasoning.

 

  1. Explain how you know the distance for the other team is not proportional to time.

 

  1. If the race were 2.5 miles long, which team would win? Explain.

 

  1. If the race were 3.5 miles long, which team would win? Explain.

 

  1. If the race were 4.5 miles long, which team would win? Explain.

 

  1. For what length of race would it be better to be on Team B than Team A? Explain.

 

  1. Using this relationship, if the members on the team ran for 10 hours, how far would each member run on each team?

 

  1. Will there always be a winning team, no matter what the length of the course? Why or Why not?

 

  1. If the race were 12 miles long, which team should you choose to be on if you wish to win? Why would you choose this team?

 

  1. How much sooner would you finish on that team compared to the other team?

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Portion Web Practice

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